Male breast development
Male breast development describes the normal or abnormal development of breast tissue in men. While men also naturally have mammary glands, these are small and inactive under normal hormonal conditions. However, changes in the hormonal balance or certain diseases can lead to a visible or palpable enlargement of the breast.
Normal breast development in men:
- During puberty: Hormonal changes can lead to a temporary slight enlargement of the mammary glands. This pubertal gynecomastia usually disappears again within 6 to 24 months.
- In old age: With increasing age, the testosterone level decreases, while the influence of oestrogens increases relatively. This can lead to breast enlargement.
Pathological breast development (gynecomastia):
- Gynecomastia refers to the true enlargement of the glandular body and can occur on one or both sides.
- This can be caused by an imbalance between testosterone and estrogen, triggered by:
- Hormonal disorders
- Liver or kidney disease
- Medication (e.g. certain cardiac drugs, anabolic steroids)
- Tumors of the testicles or adrenal glands
- Pseudogynecomastia (lipomastia): Increase in fatty tissue in the breast area without enlargement of the glands, usually due to obesity.
Treatment options:
- For hormonal causes: Treatment of the underlying disease or hormone therapy.
- In the case of pronounced or disturbing breast enlargement: surgical removal of excess glandular and/or fatty tissue(gynecomastia surgery).
Psychological meaning:
Conspicuous breast development can lead to considerable psychological distress in affected men, for example due to shame, insecurity or reduced quality of life.
This content is for general information purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment recommendations. It is in no way a substitute for a professional examination or treatment by a licensed physician. If you have any health complaints or uncertainties, please always consult a medical professional – especially if you have any questions about intimate surgery or sexual health.
