Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED for short) refers to the persistent or recurring inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection of the penis sufficient for sexual intercourse. The term is sometimes also used as impotence, although in medical terminology today it is almost exclusively referred to as erectile dysfunction.
Occasional erection problems are normal and usually harmless. Only if the difficulties persist over a period of at least three months and are perceived as a burden is it considered erectile dysfunction from a medical point of view.
The development of an erection is a complex process in which various body systems have to work together:
- Nervous system (for sexual arousal and control)
- Blood vessels (for sufficient blood flow to the penis)
- Hormone balance (e.g. sufficient testosterone levels)
- Musculature (fine sphincter muscles for blood congestion in the penis)
The causes of erectile dysfunction can be organic (physical), psychological or a combination of both. Common organic causes are
- Circulatory disorders (e.g. arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus)
- Nerve damage (e.g. after operations or in the case of neurological diseases)
- Hormonal disorders (e.g. testosterone deficiency)
- Side effects of medication
Psychological causes include stress, pressure to perform, anxiety disorders or depressive moods.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include
- Lifestyle changes (e.g. losing weight, stopping smoking)
- Medication (e.g. PDE-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil)
- Hormone therapy
- Psychotherapy
- Physical therapies or surgical measures
Erectile dysfunction can often be treated successfully so that sexual function and quality of life can be significantly improved.
This content is for general information purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment recommendations. It is in no way a substitute for a professional examination or treatment by a licensed physician. If you have any health complaints or uncertainties, please always consult a medical professional – especially if you have any questions about intimate surgery or sexual health.
