Foreskin (prepuce)
What is the foreskin?
The foreskin is basically a fold of skin that covers and protects the end of the penis – the glans to be precise. It consists of two layers:
- 1. an outer layer of skin (like the rest of the body's skin)
- 2. an inner mucus-like layer that is particularly sensitive
These two layers are connected to each other and can usually be easily pushed back and forth in adults. This allows the glans to be covered or exposed.
The function of the foreskin
The foreskin fulfills several important tasks:
1. protection of the glans
The glans is very sensitive. The foreskin protects it from friction, injury, drying out and dirt. This protection is especially important for children and adolescents, as the glans can still be particularly sensitive.
2. retain moisture
Under the foreskin, the glans is protected by glandular secretions and natural body fluids. This keeps the skin supple.
3. sexual intercourse
There are many fine nerve endings in the foreskin that significantly intensify the sensation.
Development of the foreskin
In almost all newborn boys, the foreskin is still firmly attached to the glans. This is completely normal and is called physiological phimosis (technical term). This means that the foreskin cannot yet be pushed back. This is normal in the first few years of life and is no cause for concern.
Over time, the foreskin detaches from the glans. Often not until the age of 5 to 10, sometimes later during puberty. Only then can the foreskin be carefully pulled back to see and clean the glans.
Important: The foreskin should never be pulled back by force, as this can lead to an emergency situation with clamping and unclamping of the blood vessels.
Possible problems with the foreskin
Sometimes there can be problems with the foreskin. The most common are
1. phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin)
If the foreskin cannot be retracted even after childhood or only with pain (due to the tightness), this is called phimosis.
2. paraphimosis
If a tight foreskin is forcibly pulled back and can then no longer be pushed forward over the glans, it can constrict it. This is known as paraphimosis. This is a medical emergency and must be treated immediately by a doctor.
3. inflammations
If harmful bacteria accumulate under the foreskin or the skin becomes irritated, this can lead to inflammation. This is called balanitis (inflammation of the glans) or posthitis (inflammation of the foreskin).
Circumcision (removal of the foreskin)
In some cultures, religions or for medical reasons, the foreskin is partially or completely removed. This is called circumcision(technical term: circumcision).
Medical reasons
- In the case of permanent phimosis that causes discomfort and does not respond to conservative medical methods
- For repeated inflammations
- In rare cases with certain skin diseases
Cultural and religious reasons
In many cultures or religions (e.g. Judaism or Islam), circumcision is performed for traditional or spiritual reasons – usually as early as childhood.
Possible negative consequences of circumcision
After a circumcision, the glans is permanently exposed. It can be more sensitive at first, but usually gets used to the new condition. Sexuality is experienced differently after circumcision – many men report a significantly reduced sensation.
Circumcision should therefore only be carried out after careful consideration and consultation.
The medical information provided on this website is for general information purposes only and does not replace a personal consultation with our doctors. As a tertiary medical center, we are also available for second opinions.
© Copyright Jörg Hagen, Doctor
About the author
Jörg Hagen, doctor
The author Jörg Hagen has been the medical director of UGRS International Germany since 1995 and has over 30 years of experience in penis enlargement and complex urological issues. He is regarded as one of the leading experts in the interests of patients in Europe. His international activities, excellent diagnostics and legal successes in patient rights make his assessments particularly well-founded. Patients appreciate his scientifically based, discreet and trustworthy care. His articles are based on many years of practice and well-founded information at the highest level.
This content is for general information purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment recommendations. It is in no way a substitute for a professional examination or treatment by a licensed physician. If you have any health complaints or uncertainties, please always consult a medical professional – especially if you have any questions about intimate surgery or sexual health.
